Prehistory

PREHISTORY =media type="youtube" key="zeLug-uYuBc" width="560" height="315"=

=Prehistory, meaning before history, is the span of time before recorded history or the invention of writing systems. =



=There are two different periods in the Prehistory: =


 * //__ The ** Paleolithic Era **__// is a period of prehistory from about 5 million years ago to around 10000 years ago.


 * //__ The ** Neolithic Era **__// began around 10,000 BC and ended around 5000 BC.


 * //__ The ** Iron Age **__//  lasted from 5000 BC (7000 years ago) to the invention of writing.

PALEOLITHIC ERA == In the Paleolithic Era, humans lived a nomadic lifestyle in small groups. They used primitive stone tools and their survival depended heavily on their environment and climate. ==


 * =Archeologists estimate that modern humans have been on the Earth for about 200,000 years. They believe this occurred in southern Africa. =


 * =100,000 years ago, humans migrated out of Africa and began colonizing the entire planet. People spread to Eurasia and Oceania 70,000 years ago, and reached the Americas 15,000 years ago. =




 * ==It is believed that the men probably traveled in hunting packs or groups looking for big game while the women cook, made the clothes and recollected food. ==



They made tools and weapons
 * media type="youtube" key="BbSjoiB9Bm4" width="504" height="283" || media type="youtube" key="WeushnbZsXI" width="504" height="283" ||

They discovered fire
=Cave paintings=
 * [[image:pekewiki-loja/animals.jpe width="367" height="266"]] || [[image:bulls.jpe width="413" height="271"]] ||
 * [[image:deers.jpe]] || [[image:horse.jpe width="416" height="269"]] ||
 * [[image:hunt.jpe width="356" height="237"]] || [[image:rhino.jpe width="313" height="230"]] ||

NEOLITHIC ERA =Neolithic humans discovered agriculture and animal husbandry, which allowed them to settle down in one area. =



= = = = == = = =In the late Neolithic Age human beings built the first monuments using big blocks of stone called MEGALITHS:= = Menhir = = = == || = Dolmen = || = = = Cromlech = ||

<span style="font-family: Ubuntu,sans-serif; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5;">Comparison chart

 * || ** Neolithic **  ||  **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 16.5pt;">Paleolithic **  ||
 * **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Dwelling ** || ** Mud bricks supported by timber ** || **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Caves, huts, skin tents ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Lifestyle ** || ** Sedentary: They farmed, raised animals; **
 * agriculture was discovered and became **
 * a major source of food ** || **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Nomadic; in groups of up to 50; tribal society; hunters and gatherers ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Tools ** || ** polished stone tools made sharper by grinding ** || **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Chipped stone, wooden weapons, light stone tools (not sharpened) ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Clothes ** || ** Animal skins, woven garments ** || **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Animal skins ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Governance ** || ** Military and religious leaders had authority. Monarchy emerged. ** || **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Tribal society. Clan controlled by elders or the powerful (according to age) ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Economy ** || ** Private property for land, livestock and tools. ** || **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">There was no concept of private property. ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Art ** || ** Wall paintings ** || **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Cave paintings ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Sculpture material ** || ** Stone, clay (baked) ** || **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Stone, [|mammoth] ivory, reindeer horn ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Main Discovery ** || ** Agriculture and tools with polished stones, the plough ** || **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Language, fire; Rough stone tools ** ||
 * **<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Food ** || ** They grew crops such as corn, wheat, beans, etc. ** || **<span style="color: #4f6228; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13pt;">Hunted and gathered for their food supply. ** ||

<span style="color: #c77b35; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 36.4px; text-align: center;">METAL AGES

==<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It is so called because it was the time when people began to make things out of <span style="color: #1355b8; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">metal <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">. ==

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">First, they used copper <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">, but it was not very strong.
==<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Then, **<span style="color: #b88d1e; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">bronze **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> and <span style="color: #b88d1e; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">iron <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> were used. ==

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">It was used to make:
=<span style="color: #0e8f41; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">ploughs <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> to farm their fields better and grow more crops =

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;"> || =<span style="color: #0e8f41; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">weapons <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> (swords, arrows, ...)and armour <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">(shields and helmets) = <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">

|| || = jewels, statues, <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> etc. = <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> ||
 * =<span style="color: #0e8f41; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">coins <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> to help buy and sell their crops and iron tools. =

the beginning of trade.
= = <span style="font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 1.4em;">They invented the wheel, used for transportation in carts pulled by bullocks or in pottery wheels to make better ceramic pieces. media type="youtube" key="1o3IDx5itcs" width="560" height="315"

**Agriculture, cattle raising and the new technical advances, improved people lives.** =Because of this, the population increased.= =Some villages became small cities with hundred of inhabitants.= =cities were encircled by walls, and inside there were buildings with differnet functions: houses, stores, shops or workshops=



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